Stock split versus bonus issue: the difference explained with an example
Both increase the number of shares, and both adjust the price per share. What differs is the accounting: a split changes face value, a bonus converts reserves into shares.
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Corporate actions IPO How to read an IPO price band and lot size, with an example
What a price band and a lot size mean, how the minimum amount for one bid is worked out, and what the issue price is. Arithmetic with illustrative numbers, with no view on any offer.
Explainers How to read an annual report: a section-by-section guide
The main parts of a listed company's annual report, what each contains, and a practical order for reading it.
Personal finance How an EMI works: why early instalments are mostly interest
What an EMI is made of, why interest takes the larger share early in a loan, and how tenure and rate change the total interest, with a worked example.
Explainers EBITDA versus PAT: what each measures and why they differ
EBITDA and profit after tax are two different views of a company's earnings. What each includes, what each leaves out, and a worked example with illustrative numbers.
Explainers Earnings per share (EPS) explained: basic, diluted and why it can change without profit changing
What EPS is, the difference between basic and diluted EPS, and how a split, bonus or new shares change it. A worked example with illustrative numbers.
Explainers How banks report results: NII, NIM, provisions and NPAs explained
A bank's results look different from other companies'. What net interest income, net interest margin, provisions, gross and net NPA, CASA and capital adequacy mean, with an illustrative example.
Explainers What 'unaudited, subject to limited review' means on quarterly results
Quarterly results are usually unaudited but reviewed by the auditor. What a limited review is, how it differs from an audit, and how the last quarter and the annual results are treated.
Explainers Standalone vs consolidated results: what the difference means
Standalone results cover a company on its own; consolidated results combine it with its subsidiaries. Why both are published and how to compare them correctly.
Explainers Year on year vs quarter on quarter: how to compare quarterly results
YoY compares a quarter with the same quarter last year; QoQ compares it with the previous quarter. What each shows, how to calculate them, and where they mislead.
Explainers How to read a quarterly result: revenue, EBITDA, PAT and EPS line by line
A walk through a results statement from the top line to earnings per share, with a worked example using illustrative numbers.